Once you have completed Anatomy & Physiology you will be able to:

1. Discuss and have knowledge about the respiratory system, including:

   • the basic structures of the upper & lower respiratory system.

   • the functions of the respiratory system.

2. Position the parts of the respiratory system on the horse's body.

3. Describe what is located in the thoracic cavity.

4. Explain the differences between inhalation and exhalation in halt, walk and trot compared to canter and gallop.

5. Discuss and have knowledge about the circulatory system, including:

   • structures of the circulatory system.

   • functions of the circulatory system.

   • basic structure of the heart.

   • responsibilities of the heart.

   • route of the main blood vessels.

   • differences between the major blood vessels.

   • main components of blood.

   • position the main areas of the circulatory system on the horse's body.

   • locate the heart on the horse's body.

6. Describe and understand the lymphatic system, including:

   • the structure of the lymphatic system.

   • the purpose of the lymphatic system.

   • the main constituent of lymphatic fluid.

7.  Compare the roles of both the lymphatic and circulatory system.

8. Explain the differences between:

   • blood plasma.

   • interstitial fluid.

   • lymphatic fluid.

9. Discuss and have knowledge about each bone within the lower leg.

10. Position the bones, of the lower leg, on the horse.

11. Explain the primary objectives of the hoof.

12.  Speak about the internal structures of the hoof, including:

    • laminae.

    • digital cushion.

    • collateral cartilages.

13. Position the main tendons, of the lower leg, on the horse.

14. Discuss the main tendons of the lower leg, including:

    • origin and insertion of each tendon.

    • purpose of tendons.

    • structure of tendons.

15. Position the main ligaments, of the lower leg, on the horse.

16. Discuss the main ligaments of the lower leg, including:

    • origin and insertion.

    • purpose of ligaments.

    • different types of ligaments.

    • structure of ligaments.