Conformation is primarily based upon the appraisal of the horse's skeletal system, as this determines their basic shape. It is assessed by judging the degree of accuracy of the bone structure, in relation to an ideal skeleton, and the overall symmetry of the horse. To fully evaluate the equine, they should be observed both whilst standing still (static conformation) and during movement (dynamic conformation).

Muscular structure and condition are also fundamental factors to be considered when studying the correctness of an equine. However, unlike bone structure which cannot be altered, with correct training and management both these component can be improved upon.

The main objectives for studying the horse's conformation is to determine their potential suitability for work, and to identify the likelihood of injury or lameness.