Use and suitability of the double bridle:

A double bridle is a distinct piece of tack predominately known for its two bits - the bridoon and curb bit. It is made up from the same pieces of leather as a cavesson bridle, but also includes a sliphead and a second set of reins. The sliphead is designed to suspend the bridoon, and is buckled up on the off side to even out the number of buckles on each side of the horse's head. One set of reins is attached to each bit and should differ slightly in appearance. To help differentiate between the reins whilst riding the bridoon reins are marginally wider and typically plaited or laced in style, whilst the curb reins are thinner and plain styled without a buckle at the end. If a running martingale is ever used with a double bridle it is always fitted on the bridoon reins. This bridle should only be used with a cavesson noseband.

The primary purpose for fitting the double bridle is to refine and finesse the communication between the rider and horse. By using the two bits independently of each other it helps maintain flexion of the horse's head and neck, whilst encouraging self carriage. It should be introduced once the equine is working forwards into the correct outline and engaging his hindquarters in the snaffle bridle. This bridle must never be fitted to create a false head carriage on the untrained or young horse. Furthermore, it is not suitable to be used by novice riders.

Traditionally the double bridle was used to help control excitable or strong horses out hunting, or when fast riding or jumping. However, gags and pelhams are now a preferred bit and today it is more commonly seen in the higher levels of dressage and eventing, plus in specific show classes. In British Dressage this bridle is permitted to be used from elementary level upwards, but is compulsory in the higher level tests. For British Eventing a double bridle is only authorised at Intermediate Novice and above, however it is not compulsory to be used. Rules for the FEI and other governing bodies may alter, therefore it is important to check the rule book before entering competitions.

Action of bits:

Referred to as the bridoon and the curb, both bits fulfil two completely different tasks. Also known as the snaffle, the bridoon works to raise and flex the horse's head, whereas the curb or Weymouth bit acts mainly on the poll and chin groove to lower and encourage the head towards the vertical, plus it helps to relax the lower jaw. When riding the contact should always be maintained on the bridoon rein, pressure on the curb should only be applied when necessary; used correctly both bits will work in symmetry to create a desired head and neck position. For more information about the double bits go to Bits & Bitting → Double Bits.

Use and suitability of the saddle:

Depending on the level or discipline the equine is being worked at on the flat will generally influence the type of saddle used. If the horse is an all-rounder, at the lower levels, a GP saddle is perfectly adequate to use as it allows the rider to perform both jumping and dressage without the need for a change of saddle. For those competing at a higher level the correct saddle should be used as it is purposely designed to accommodate the requirements of the horse and rider. Other saddles which may be used when schooling the horse on the flat may include the show or side saddle.

The dressage saddle is popular to use for schooling on the flat. This is because it is constructed with a deeper seat, straight-cut saddle flaps, stirrup bars positioned further back and longer length girth straps. All of these features have been specifically created to enable the rider to give precise instructions using finely tuned movements from their body, seat and legs whilst creating a close contact with the horse.

For the rider the deeper seat encourages a centrally balanced, secure seat. The straight-cut saddle flaps enable the rider to maintain a long, straight leg to give precise aids to the horse. Knee and thigh rolls further assist in leg stability, however the size and use of them tends to be down to the rider's preference. Depending on the type of saddle some are permanently fixed onto the saddle flap whereas others are fitted underneath, secured by velcro, allowing them to be moved around to suit the rider's needs. Stirrup bar location also assists with correct alinement of the leg, by being situated further back it encourages the leg to naturally lengthen and stretch downwards, underneath the seat, and also prevents the stirrup leathers being pulled backwards at an angle. The longer girth straps, fitted with a dressage girth, means the buckles do not interfere with the rider's legs allowing a closer contact with the horse.

In addition to the rider, there are also benefits of the dressage saddle for the equine. Straighter cut saddle flaps shows off the horse's shoulder, whilst also providing it with freedom of movement. The close contact of the saddle allows all physical communications from the rider's legs, seat and body to be transmitted and felt clearly by the horse. In addition, when the rider is able to sit quietly in the correct position, the horse can achieve a more advanced way of going. Obviously, as with any saddle, it must be well fitted and suitable for the horse.

Condition of the tack:

Tack made from good quality leather will be longer lasting, if well looked after, however it is usually more costly to purchase. Where possible, cheap leather should be avoided as it is naturally hard in texture and prone to cracking even if it is well maintained.

All the leather on the tack should be clean, soft and supple to prevent it rubbing the horse's skin. Hard leather will not only feel uncomfortable to the horse, it is also prone to splitting or snapping which can have serious consequences for both the equine and rider if it breaks whilst in use.

For safety all the stitching should be completely secure, if any damage is found it should not be used until repaired. On the bridle pay particular attention to the reins and cheekpieces, plus the billets or buckles which secure them to the bit. When checking the saddle all areas of stitching should be inspected, this includes the seat which if ripped can pinch or tear the rider's skin. The state of the leather on the girth straps and stirrup leathers needs examining, plus the holes checked for any stretching or distortion. Furthermore, the stirrup leathers must be the same thickness overall, pay special attention to where the stirrup sits against the leather during riding as it is prone to wear.

Before fitting the bits into the horse's mouth, they should be checked for any sharp edges or wear and tear on the mouthpiece.

If boots are used for schooling purposes they should be in good condition, with all the straps in working order, and cleaned after each use. Remember boots or bandages are NOT permitted to be worn in dressage competitions.